Which of the following correctly describes
the meaning of albedo?
Reflectivity: (albedo) the fraction of incoming sunlight the planet reflects
Ex: wearing a black shirt
Ex: wearing a black shirt
Which of the following worlds has the
greatest difference in temperature
between its "no atmosphere" temperature
and its actual temperature?
Venus would be would be 510° colder without greenhouse effect
How does the greenhouse effect work?
atmosphere absorbs infrared light from surface, trapping heat
Why is the difference in meaning between
the terms weather and climate?
weather: ever-varying combination of wind, clouds temperature and pressure
climate: long term average of weather, depends on global conditions and is more predictable
climate: long term average of weather, depends on global conditions and is more predictable
Why does the burning of fossil fuels
increase the greenhouse effect on Earth?
the release of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and other sources adds to the greenhouse effect, increasing global warming.
True or False: Without greenhouse gases,
Earth's surface would be frozen over.
true. earth would be below freezing
True or False: Clouds, snow, and ice have
higher albedos than rocks.
they reflect back more solar energy back into space then rocks.
True or False: Earth outgassed as much
carbon dioxide as Venus, but it is locked
up in the oceans and rocks.
TRUE most carbon dioxide is in water and rocks instead of being in the atmosphere
How much energy does Jupiter emit
compared with how much it receives from
the sun?
Jupiter radiates 2x as much energy as it receives from the sun
Why is Jupiter denser than Saturn?
Jupiter is larger in size and in mass because it has greater gravity and it is more compressed.
Why does Jupiter have several distinct
cloud layers?
different chemical compounds make clouds different colors
The fact that most moons always show the
same face to their planet is explained by...
a natural consequence of tidal forces acting on the moons.
What mechanism is most responsible for
generating the internal heat of IO that
drives the volcanic activity?
tidal bulges
What is the most important reason why an
ice moon is more likely to be geologically
active than a rocky moon of the same size?
tidal heating can melt internal ice, driving activity.
The combined mass of all the asteroids in
the asteroid belt is...
all asteroids in space wouldn't even make 1 terrestrial planet
Why aren't small asteroids spherical in
shape?
The strength of gravity on small asteroids is less than the strength of the rock.
What is a meteorite?
rock from space that falls
remnants from solar nebula
two types: primitive and processed
remnants from solar nebula
two types: primitive and processed
True or False: A comet that has an orbit
around the sun inclined to the ecliptic
plane by 65 degrees probably originated in
Kuiper Belt.
false
True or False: Oort cloud comets are
so far from the sun that the gravity of
neighboring stars can alter their orbit.
true
Which of the following methods has led
to the most discoveries of massive planets
orbiting near their parent stars?
Doppler technique, radial velocity
How much brighter is a sun-like star than
the reflective light from a planet orbiting
around it?
a billion times brighter
By itself, the Doppler technique provides a measure of a planet's ..
tells us its motion toward and away from us
The transit method of planet detection
works best for ...
transit: when planet crosses in front of a star
big planets in edge-on orbits around around small stars
big planets in edge-on orbits around around small stars
A planet is detected via the Doppler
technique. The repeating pattern of the
stellar motion tells us ...
measuring stars Doppler shift tells us its motion toward and away from us
current techniques can measure motions as small as 1m/s
current techniques can measure motions as small as 1m/s
How do we think the "hot Jupiters"
around other stars were formed?
They formed as gas giants beyond the frost line and then migrated inwards.
nebular theory: formed outside frost line then migrated after they form
composed the same way as Jupiter, but much closer to a star
nebular theory: formed outside frost line then migrated after they form
composed the same way as Jupiter, but much closer to a star
Most of the planets discovered around
other stars are more massive than Jupiter.
T/F
False. Has a mass similar to Jupiter's.
True or False: Astronomers have
discovered more planets around other
stars than in our solar system.
true. 1/10 of stars have planets
True or False: A planet size can be
determined by observing its transit across
a star.
true, tells planets radius
True or False: A planet's mass can be
determined by observing its transit across
a star.
false? just its radius
The earliest evidence for life on Earth
dates is ...
fossils and carbon isotopes show life probably arose on earth 3.85 million years ago
Which living organisms most resemble the
common ancestor of all life according to
genetic testing?
bacteria
When did oxygen begin to accumulate in
the atmosphere?
Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae became the first microbes to produce oxygen by photosynthesis, perhaps as long ago as 3.5 billion years ago and certainly by 2.7 billion years ago. But, mysteriously, there was a long lag time - hundreds of millions of years - before Earth's atmosphere first gained significant amounts oxygen, some 2.4 billion to 2.3 billion years ago.
Which of the following is the most
important for maintaining a stable climate
on Earth over the time it took for large
organisms to evolve?
cyanobacteria paved the way for more life forms by releasing oxygen into atmosphere via photosynthesis
What defines the habitable zone around a
star?
~contains the necessities for life, doesn't necessarily have it
~the more massive the star, the larger the habitable zone-higher probability of a planet
~"minimum and maximum zone for water"
~the more massive the star, the larger the habitable zone-higher probability of a planet
~"minimum and maximum zone for water"
At present, what is the primary way that
the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
(SETI) is carried out?
-look for deliberate signals from extra-terrestrials
-we have sent signals ourselves, we'll hear back in 42,000 years, sent to global cluster M13
-we have sent signals ourselves, we'll hear back in 42,000 years, sent to global cluster M13
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