1. Jupiter has a large equatorial bulge because
A. it is spinning rapidly, and is composed mostly of fluid matter.
B. it was formed in this way at the time of planetary formation, and has solidified to this shape.
C. tidal distortion from its moons and from the Sun have distorted its shape.
D. it is moving rapidly around its orbit, flattening its shape.
2. Uranus and Neptune resemble each other in many ways. In this context, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Both planets have a system of rings circling the planet.
B. Both planets appear basically featureless in photographs from Voyager 2.
C. Both planets appear to have three layers: rocky core, watery mantle, and thick hydrogen-helium atmosphere.
D. Both planets have much stronger magnetic fields than Earth's.
3. The low average density of Jupiter (about 1300 kg/m3 compared with that of water, 1000 kg/m3) indicates that this planet is composed mainly of
A. hydrogen, in liquid or gaseous form.
B. helium as gas and liquid only, because low temperatures and great pressures are needed to form solid helium.
C. water, compressed somewhat by gravity, maybe in the form of ice.
D. methane, ammonia, and water, from spectroscopic observation of its atmosphere.
4. What is the dominant circulation pattern in Jupiter's atmosphere (i.e., at the visible "surface")?
A. uniform eastward flow of the entire atmosphere, with occasional dark storms and turbulent swirls
B. isolated storms and turbulent swirls, with little overall flow pattern in any particular direction
C. alternating bands of eastward and westward flow parallel to the equator, with light and dark ovals between these flows
D. air rising at the equator, flowing north and south toward the poles, then sinking and returning to the equator at a lower level
5. Two tiny but significant satellites that follow nearly identical orbits around Saturn are called shepherd moons because they
A. appear to trigger volcanoes or geysers on the surfaces of larger moons by gravitational interaction.
B. clear particles from the Cassini division in Saturn's rings.
C. seem to trail streams of gases behind them, like comet tails.
D. appear to concentrate particles in the narrow but twisted F ring of Saturn.
6. The light-colored zones on Jupiter are
A. volcanic plumes that have been stretched around the planet by Jupiter's high speed of rotation.
B. holes in the atmosphere through which lighter, deeper layers can be seen.
C. regions of falling gas, heating as they fall.
D. regions of rising gas, cooling as they rise.
7. What kind of ring or rings does Jupiter have?
A. one thin, dark ring
B. three wide, bright, rings
C. several narrow, dark rings darkened by ultraviolet radiation
D. one thin, bright ring
8. The planet Pluto discovered by
A. the infrared cameras on the IRAS spacecraft, searching for very cold objects.
B. prediction, using Newton's laws to account for the deviations from uniform orbits of Uranus and Neptune.
C. searching for an object that moved day by day on successive photographs of the sky.
D. Voyager spacecraft cameras, which were used between planetary encounters to survey the planetary system.
9. "Markings" on the surface of Saturn are
A. of a completely different pattern from those on Jupiter and more distinct.
B. nonexistent, because Saturn shows completely uniform cloud tops.
C. similar in appearance to those on Jupiter but much less distinct.
D. similar to those on Jupiter but much more pronounced.
10. The relationship between the Saturnian moon Mimas and the Cassini division in the rings of Saturn is that
A. Mimas's circular orbital distance is twice the radius of the Cassini division.
B. Mimas passes through the rings of Saturn at the position of the Cassini division on its elliptical orbit, thereby disrupting the rings at this position.
C. Mimas's orbital period is exactly the same as particles that exist inside the Cassini division, thereby perturbing their orbits.
D. Mimas's orbital period is a factor of 2 greater than that of particles inside the Cassini division, thereby perturbing their orbits.
11. What observing technique was being used when Saturn's rings were originally discovered?
A. momentary occultation of starlight as the planet moved in front of a star
B. spacecraft photography
C. ground-based photography
D. visual observations through a telescope
12. How does the composition of Saturn's atmosphere compare to that of Jupiter, which is the same as that of the Sun?
A. Saturn's atmosphere contains less helium than does that of either Jupiter or the Sun.
B. They are almost equivalent, with the same proportions of hydrogen, helium, and heavier elements.
C. Saturn's atmosphere contains far more heavy elements than does that of either Jupiter or the Sun.
D. Saturn's atmosphere has far less hydrogen than does that of either Jupiter or the Sun.
13. The reason why the individual particles within Saturn's rings have not combined together by mutual gravitational attraction to form one or two moons is that
A. the gravitational force from the Sun is sufficient to prevent coalescence.
B. tidal distortion forces from the planet are greater than the mutual gravity between the particles.
C. the excess heating from Saturn has melted the ice on the rocks so that the rocks will no longer stick together.
D. they are moving too fast to stick together even if they bump into one another.
14. The brown ovals seen in Jupiter's atmosphere are
A. upwelling ammonia and methane gas which condenses to form clouds in the cold upper atmosphere.
B. vortices of a similar nature to the Great Red Spot, but smaller and with shorter lifetimes.
C. ammonia ice crystals over high-pressure systems.
D. holes in Jupiter's cloud cover, through which we can see deeper layers of the atmosphere.
15. In the sunlit southern hemisphere of Uranus, the observed variation of temperature with latitude is
A. unknown, because Uranus is too far away for us to measure temperatures at different latitudes.
B. much cooler at the equator than at the south pole because the south pole is tilted almost directly toward the Sun.
C. much cooler at the south pole than at the equator because the Sun is always close to (or below) the horizon, as seen from the pole of any planet.
D. almost nonexistent between the equator and the south pole, implying an efficient equator-to-pole circulation pattern.
16. Triton, the largest satellite of Neptune , has
A. a surface of ice with frozen lakes, plumes of escaping gas, and few craters.
B. a densely cratered surface of ice, with at least one ringed structure indicating an ancient asteroid impact.
C. a surface of ice in which ancient, densely cratered regions are surrounded by interconnecting systems of parallel ridges.
D. a thick atmosphere that hides the surface from view.
17. The rings of Saturn are in which plane with respect to the planetary system?
A. a plane inclined at an angle to both the orbital and equatorial planes of the planet, and to the ecliptic plane, which is why we can easily see the rings face-on from Earth
B. the orbital plane of Saturn around the Sun
C. the equatorial plane of Saturn
D. the ecliptic plane
18. The rings of Uranus are
A. wide, dense, ice-covered, and hence very bright (70% reflectivity).
B. narrow and very dark (1% reflectivity).
C. intrinsically very bright (70% reflectivity) but hard to detect because they are very narrow.
D. broad, diffuse (almost transparent) bands, made up of fine dust particles.
19. The requirements for the generation of a powerful magnetic field in a Jovian planet (e.g., Jupiter, Saturn) appear to be
A. liquid "metal" interior and relatively rapid rotation.
B. solid iron core forming a permanent magnet.
C. liquid "metal" core and interior and slow rotation.
D. solid interior throughout the planet and slow rotation.
20. Uranus and Neptune appear to be smaller versions of Jupiter and Saturn, but they differ significantly from these planets, in that
A. they show much more structure and activity on their "surfaces."
B. their masses are larger that those of Jupiter and Saturn, even though they are smaller planets.
C. their average densities are greater, and hence their internal structure and constituents must be different.
D. their rotation periods are much shorter, a few hours compared to Jupiter and Saturn's periods of a few days.
21. The composition of the clouds that we see on Jupiter is
A. very different from Earth clouds—composed almost entirely of ammonia and ammonium hydrosulfide crystals with almost no water.
B. similar to Earth clouds through the whole atmosphere—water droplets and crystals of frozen water.
C. similar to Earth clouds (water droplets and crystals of frozen water) in the higher levels but very different (e.g., ammonia crystals) in the lower levels.
D. similar to those of Earth (water droplets and crystals of frozen water) in the lower levels but very different (e.g., ammonia crystals and other chemicals) in the higher levels.
22. Which of the following are NOT seen on Jupiter's satellite Io?
A. sulfur dioxide frost
B. volcanic plumes
C. lava flows
D. impact craters
23. If the orbital period of Io, the innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter, is 1.77 days, what is the rotation period around its own axis?
A. 3.54 days—twice the orbital period
B. 1.77 days
C. 1.18 days—2/3 of the orbital period
D. 5.31 days—three times the orbital period
24. The particles in Saturn's rings
A. move in circular orbits, with the outer particles moving fastest because they are farthest from the planet.
B. all move as if they are one solid disk.
C. revolve in different directions depending on the distance from the planet.
D. move in circular Keplerian orbits, the inner particles moving fastest.
25. Neptune 's high cirrus clouds consist of
A. crystals of water ice.
B. droplets of sulfuric acid.
C. ammonia ice crystals.
D. methane ice crystals.
26. Where would the Sun be located in midsummer in the northern hemisphere on Uranus as seen by an observer floating above the clouds?
A. almost directly over the south pole
B. directly over latitude 45°, to the north of the equator
C. almost directly above the north pole
D. almost directly above the equator, because it is midsummer
27. The densities of the four Galilean satellites of Jupiter are
A. all low, typical of rock and ice, because they formed in the outer solar system.
B. very low because, as with Jupiter, they are composed mostly of hydrogen.
C. high (rocky) for the two inner satellites because they formed close to Jupiter, low (rock and ice) for the two outer satellites because they formed farther away from Jupiter.
D. all high, typical of rock, because they are planetary satellites (similar to our Moon).
28. Neptune 's predominantly blue appearance is caused by
A. the fact that solar light has lost much of its red light by scattering in the interplanetary medium by the time it reaches Neptune .
B. auroral emissions caused by solar wind particles exciting the atoms and molecules in Neptune 's high atmosphere.
C. preferential scattering of the blue end of the solar spectrum by Neptune's atmosphere, similar to the process that causes the blue sky on Earth.
D. the absorption of reflected sunlight at the red end of the spectrum by methane in its atmosphere.
29. The major constituent of the atmosphere of Titan (the largest moon of Saturn) is
A. water vapor—H2O.
B. carbon dioxide—CO2.
C. methane—CH4.
D. nitrogen—N2.
30. What is unique about the Pluto-Charon system compared to all other planets in the solar system?
A. Charon is an icy moon but is in orbit around a giant planet made mostly of liquid hydrogen.
B. Both Pluto and Charon are in synchronous rotation, so each one always has the same face turned toward the other.
C. Both Pluto and Charon are volcanically active with lava flows and vents of sulfur-dioxide gas.
D. Pluto has only one satellite.
31. What type of asteroids are chondrite meteorites associated with?
A. C-type
B. S-type
C. M-type
D.these type of meteorites are associated with planets not asteroids
32. The Oort cloud is
A. a band of dust in the plane of the ecliptic, extending from the orbit of Mars to beyond the orbit of Pluto.
B. an approximate spherical distribution of comets centered on the Sun, extending out to about 50,000 AU.
C. another name for the early solar nebula.
D. a relatively flat distribution of comets in the plane of the ecliptic, extending from around the orbit of Pluto out to about 500 AU from the Sun.
33. A comet's tail is always aligned from the comet head in a direction
A. away from the Sun.
B. toward the nearest planet, because of mutual gravitational attraction.
C. in a direction along its orbital path, always behind the comet.
D. toward the Sun, because of gravitational attraction.
34. The typical size of a comet’s nucleus is about
A) 106 km.
B) 107 km.
C) 10 km.
D) 100 m.
35. A few meteorites on Earth are believed to have come from another planet. Which planet is this?
A. Mars
B. Jupiter
C. Venus
D. Mercury
36. The impact that took place at about the time of the extinction of the dinosaurs (and may in fact have caused their extinction) is believed to have created
A. the Barringer Crater in Arizona.
B. the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
C. Hudson Bay in northern Canada.
D. the Manicouagan Crater in Quebec.
37. The general shape of most asteroids is thought to be
A. double, two asteroids orbiting the Sun together.
B. perfectly spherical.
C. loose collections of very small particles, held together by gravity.
D. irregular.
38. The Kirkwood Gaps are found in the
A. equatorial region of the Sun.
B. rings of Saturn.
C. spectrum of hydrogen gas.
D. asteroid belt.
39. The largest known asteroid in our solar system is
A. Gaspra.
B. Titan.
C. Pallas.
D. Ceres.
40. On a time-exposure photograph of the sky as it orbited the Sun, how would a typical asteroid appear if the camera were tracking the background stars?
A. It would look like a small, diffuse patch against the sharp images of stars because of the dust and gas surrounding it.
B. It would produce a flash of light as it crossed the field of view of the camera.
C. It would look like any other star, a small extra dot not shown on star charts of this area of the sky.
D. It would produce a short trail as it moved slowly against the background stars.
- A
- B
- A
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- D
- D
- A
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- C
- D
- D
- A
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- A
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- A
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- A
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- D
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